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    11/9/2009

    Coombs试验——为什么我总记不清

      1945年,英国免疫学家Coombs等人发明了能检测红细胞表面抗体的一种新试验,故称之,亦即抗人球蛋白试验。这是诊断免疫溶血性贫血的主要方法。最早和现在常用的抗人球蛋白试剂是广谱抗血清,即抗IgG+抗补体。国外研究发现,如采用特异的抗IgG、IgM或抗补体的试剂,红细胞表面的抗体是 IgG和补体约占40%,单纯IgG占35%,单纯补体占10%,极少数病例是IgA或IgM。补体几乎都是C 3 b,即未激活的C 3 。 Coombs直接试验:将洗涤过的红细胞2%混悬液加入Coombs试剂,混和后离心一分钟促进凝集。如果肉眼或显微镜下能见到红细胞凝集,即为阳性,说明红细胞表面有不完全抗体或补体。阳性结果可见于自体免疫溶血性贫血、输血反应、某些药物或疾病引起的免疫溶血性贫血。 Coombs间接试验:先将受试的血清加入等量5%适当的正常红细胞(Rh阳性的O型红细胞),在37℃温育30~60分钟,以促使血清中的半抗体结合于红细胞上(致敏),将红细胞充分洗涤,以后同直接试验。如果红细胞发生凝集而正常对照(未经与受检血清温育的正常红细胞)不凝集,即为阳性,表明受试的血清中存在不完全抗体。

      [项目名称]抗人球蛋白试验

      此项化验分直接试验和间接试验,主要用于自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)的筛选和分型。

      [别名]Coombs’试验(库姆试验)

      [英文缩写]Coombs

      [参考值]直接和间接Coombs’试验均为阴性

      [临床意义]

      (1)阳性见于AIHA,直接Coombs’试验较间接试验对AIHA更有诊断价值。用特异性单价抗血清可将AIHA分为三型:IgG/C3阳性,占67%;单独IgG性,占20%;单独C3性,占13%;

      (2)药物免疫性溶血性贫血及同种免疫性溶血性贫血也可阳性。

      (3)Coombs’试验阴性有时并不能排除AIHA。

      [要求]用肝素或EDTA抗凝血做直接Coombs’试验,血清做间接Coombs’试验。

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